Computer Software Engineers

Computer Software Engineers Do you have strong problem-solving skills? Software engineers have strong programming skills, but are more concerned with developing algorithms and analyzing and solving programming problems than with actually writing code. The career education information presented here will help you learn more about careers in software engineering, the job outlook, the education required, and the career opportunities.

Read More

Computer Software Engineers

Computer Software Engineers Do you have strong problem-solving skills? Software engineers have strong programming skills, but are more concerned with developing algorithms and analyzing and solving programming problems than with actually writing code. The career education information presented here will help you learn more about careers in software engineering, the job outlook, the education required, and the career opportunities.

Learn more in the career education information listed below:

• Job Description
• Employment
• Job Outlook
• Related Occupations
• Working Conditions
• Education, Training & Qualifications
• Salary Expectations
• Associations, Resources & Accreditation

Overview

• Computer software engineers are projected to be the fastest growing occupation over the 2000-10 period.
• Very favorable opportunities are expected for college graduates with at least a bachelor's degree in computer engineering or computer science and practical experience working with computers.
• Computer software engineers must continually strive to acquire new skills as computer technology changes rapidly.

Job Description

The explosive impact of computers and information technology on our everyday lives has generated a need to design and develop new computer software systems and to incorporate new technologies in a rapidly growing range of applications. The tasks performed by workers known as computer software engineers evolve rapidly, reflecting new areas of specialization or changes in technology, as well as the preferences and practices of employers. Computer software engineers apply the principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that enable computers to perform their many applications.

Software engineers working in applications or systems development analyze users' needs and design, create, and modify general computer applications software or systems. Software engineers can be involved in the design and development of many types of software including software for operating systems, network distribution, and compilers, which convert programs for faster processing. In programming, or coding, software engineers instruct a computer, line by line, how to perform a function. They also solve technical problems that arise. Software engineers must possess strong programming skills, but are more concerned with developing algorithms and analyzing and solving programming problems than with actually writing code.

Computer applications software engineers analyze users' needs and design, create, and modify general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. Different programming languages are used, depending on the purpose of the program. The programming languages most often used are C, C++, and Java, with Fortran and Cobol used less commonly. Some software engineers develop both packaged systems and systems software or create customized applications.

Computer systems software engineers coordinate the construction and maintenance of a company's computer systems, and plan their future growth. Working with a company, they coordinate each department's computer needs-ordering, inventory, billing, and payroll recordkeeping, for example-and make suggestions about its technical direction. They also might set up the company's intranets, networks that link computers within the organization and ease communication.

Systems software engineers work for companies that configure, implement, and install complete computer systems. They may be members of the marketing or sales staff, where they serve as the primary technical resource for salesworkers and customers. They also may be involved in product sales and in providing their customers with continuing technical support.

Computer software engineers often work as part of a team that designs new hardware, software, and systems. A core team may comprise engineering, marketing, manufacturing, and design people who work together until the product is released.

Working Conditions

Computer software engineers normally work in well-lighted and comfortable offices or computer laboratories in which computer equipment is located. Most software engineers work at least 40 hours a week; however, due to the project-oriented nature of the work, they also may have to work evenings or weekends to meet deadlines or solve unexpected technical problems. And like other workers who sit for hours at a computer typing on a keyboard, software engineers are susceptible to eyestrain, back discomfort, and hand and wrist problems such as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Many computer software engineers interact with customers and coworkers as they strive to improve software for users. Those employed by software vendors and consulting firms, for example, spend much of their time away from their offices, frequently traveling overnight, to meet with customers. They call on customers in businesses ranging from manufacturing plants to financial institutions.

As networks expand, software engineers may be able to use modems, laptops, e-mail, and the Internet to provide more technical support and other services from their main office, connecting to a customer's computer remotely to identify and correct developing problems.

Employment

Computer software engineers held about 697,000 jobs in 2000. About 380,000 were computer software engineers, applications, and about 317,000 were computer software engineers, systems software. Although they are employed in most industries, the largest concentration of computer software engineers, almost 46 percent, is in the computer and data processing services industry. This industry includes firms that develop and produce prepackaged software and firms that provide contractual computer services such as computer programming, systems integration, and information retrieval, including online databases and Internet services. Many computer software engineers also work for establishments in other industries, such as government agencies, manufacturers of computers and related electronic equipment, and colleges and universities.

Employers of computer software engineers range from startup companies to established industry leaders. The proliferation of Internet, e-mail, and other communications systems expands electronics to engineering firms traditionally associated with unrelated disciplines. Engineering firms specializing in building bridges and power plants, for example, hire computer software engineers to design and develop new geographic data systems and automated drafting capabilities. Communications firms need computer software engineers to tap into growth in the personal communications market. Major communications companies have many job openings for both computer software applications and systems engineers.

A increasing number of computer software engineers are employed on a temporary or contract basis-many of whom are self-employed, working independently as consultants. Some consultants work for firms that specialize in developing and maintaining client companies' websites and intranets. Consulting opportunities for software engineers should grow as businesses need help managing, upgrading, and customizing increasingly complex computer systems. About 49,000 computer software engineers were self-employed in 2000.

Education, Training & Qualifications

Most employers prefer to hire persons who have at least a bachelor's degree and broad knowledge and experience with computer systems and technologies. Usual degree concentrations for applications software engineers are computer science or software engineering; for systems software engineers, usual concentrations are computer science or computer information systems. Graduate degrees are preferred for some of the more complex jobs.

Academic programs in software engineering emphasize software and may be offered as a degree option or in conjunction with computer science degrees. Students seeking software engineering jobs enhance their employment opportunities by participating in internship or co-op programs offered through their schools. These experiences provide students with broad knowledge and experience, making them more attractive candidates to employers. Inexperienced college graduates may be hired by large computer and consulting firms that train new hires in intensive, company-based programs. In many firms, mentoring has become part of the evaluation process for new employees.

For systems software engineering jobs that require workers who have a college degree, a bachelor's in computer science or computer information systems is typical. For systems engineering jobs that place less emphasis on workers having a computer-related degree, computer training programs are offered by systems software vendors, including Microsoft, Novell, and Oracle. These training programs usually last from 1 to 4 weeks but are not required in order to sit for a certification exam; several study guides also are available to help prepare for the exams. However, many training authorities feel that program certification alone is not sufficient for most software engineering jobs.

Professional certification is offered by the Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals. This voluntary certification is available to those who have a college degree and at least 2 years of experience. Candidates must pass an examination covering general knowledge and two specialty areas or one specialty area and two computer programming languages. In addition, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Computer Society recently announced plans to certify software engineers who pass an examination.

Persons interested in jobs as computer software engineers must have strong problem-solving and analytical skills. They also must be able to communicate effectively with team members, other staff, and the customers they meet. And because they often deal with a number of tasks simultaneously, they must be able to concentrate and pay close attention to detail.

As is the case with most occupations, advancement opportunities for computer software engineers increase with experience. Entry-level computer software engineers are likely to test and verify ongoing designs. As they become more experienced, computer software engineers may be involved in designing and developing software. They eventually may advance to become a project manager, manager of information systems, or chief information officer. Some computer software engineers with several years of experience or expertise find lucrative opportunities working as systems designers or independent consultants or starting their own computer consulting firms.

As technological advances in the computer field continue, employers demand new skills. Computer software engineers must continually strive to acquire new skills if they wish to remain in this extremely dynamic field. To help them keep up with the changing technology, continuing education and professional development seminars are offered by employers and software vendors, colleges and universities, private training institutions, and professional computing societies.

Job Outlook

Computer software engineers are projected to be the fastest growing occupation from 2000 to 2010. Very rapid employment growth in the computer and data processing services industry, which employs the greatest numbers of computer software engineers, should result in very favorable opportunities for those college graduates with at least a bachelor's degree in computer engineering or computer science and practical experience working with computers. Employers will continue to seek computer professionals with strong programming, systems analysis, interpersonal, and business skills.

Employment of computer software engineers is expected to increase much faster than the average for all occupations as businesses and other organizations continue to adopt and integrate new technologies and seek to maximize the efficiency of their computer systems. Competition among businesses will continue to create an incentive for increasingly sophisticated technological innovations, and organizations will need more computer software engineers to implement these new technological changes. In addition to employment growth, many job openings will result annually from the need to replace workers who move into managerial positions, transfer to other occupations, or who leave the labor force.

Demand for computer software engineers will increase as computer networking continues to grow. For example, the expanding integration of Internet technologies and the explosive growth in electronic commerce - doing business on the Internet - have resulted in rising demand for computer software engineers who can develop Internet, intranet, and other web applications. Likewise, expanding electronic data processing systems in business, telecommunications, government, and other settings continue to become more sophisticated and complex. Growing numbers of systems software engineers will be needed to implement, safeguard, and update systems and resolve problems. Consulting opportunities for computer software engineers also should continue to grow as businesses increasingly need help to manage, upgrade, and customize their increasingly complex computer systems.

Salary Expectations

Median annual earnings of computer software engineers, applications, who worked full time in 2000 were about $67,670. The middle 50 percent earned between $53,390 and $85,490. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $42,710, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $106,680. Median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of computer applications software engineers in 2000 were:

• Computer and office equipment $74,300
• Computer and data processing services $69,520
• Engineering and architectural services $68,790
• Professional and commercial equipment $64,920
• Management and public relations $62,660

Median annual earnings of computer software engineers, systems software, who worked full time in 2000 were about $69,530. The middle 50 percent earned between $54,460 and $86,520. The lowest 10 percent earned less than $43,600, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $105,240. Median annual earnings in the industries employing the largest numbers of computer systems software engineers in 2000 were:

• Computer and office equipment $74,600
• Computer and data processing services $70,150
• Telephone communication $68,930
• Engineering and architectural services $68,030
• Commercial banks $65,620

According to the National Association of Colleges and Employers, starting salary offers for graduates with a bachelor's degree in computer engineering averaged $53,924 in 2001, and those with a master's degree averaged $58,026. Starting salary offers for graduates with a bachelor's degree in computer science averaged $52,723.

According to Robert Half International, starting salaries for software engineers in software development ranged from $62,750 to $92,000 in 2001.

In addition to typical benefits, computer software engineers may be provided with profit sharing, stock options, and a company car with a mileage allowance.

Related Occupations

Other workers who extensively use mathematics and logic include systems analysts, computer scientists, and database administrators; computer programmers; financial analysts and personal financial advisors; computer hardware engineers; statisticians; mathematicians; management analysts; actuaries; and operations research analysts.

Associations, Resources & Accreditation

Additional information on a career in computer software engineering is available from:

• Association for Computing Machinery
• IEEE Computer Society
• National Workforce Center for Emerging Technologies

Further information about the Certified Computing Professional designation is available from:

• Institute for Certification of Computing Professionals

Source:
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2002-03 Edition, Computer Software Engineers, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oco/

Collapse

Program Description Coming Soon.

The Bachelor of Science in Business/Hospitality Management (BSB/HM) is designed to prepare graduates with the requisite knowledge, skills, and values to effectively apply various business principles and tools in an organizational setting. The hospitality management major will prepare students for careers in the hospitality industry. The program emphasizes the development of skills in lodging management; food and beverage operations management; events and recreation planning; and facilities management. Upon completion of this program students will possess the knowledge and skills needed to become leaders in the hospitality industry

Program Description Coming Soon.

The Bachelor of Science in Business program is designed to prepare graduates with the requisite knowledge, skills, and values to effectively apply various business principles and tools in an organizational setting. The BSB entry sequence exposes students to valuable theoretical knowledge and best practices in the areas of management, organizational behavior, research and evaluation, e-business, and critical thinking and problem solving. In all BSB program coursework, the curriculum addresses critical business issues in the areas of diversity, globalization, ethics, technology, and e-business.

The information systems major is designed to help the student acquire theory, skills, and values associated with a business environment that has an increasing dependence on information technology. The focus of the curriculum is business with an emphasis in information systems. Completion of the BSB/IS can be used to enhance career growth or as a segue into a graduate program.

The Bachelor of Science in Business (BSB) program is designed to prepare graduates with the requisite knowledge, skills, and values to effectively apply various business principles and tools in an organizational setting. The BSB entry sequence exposes students to valuable theoretical knowledge and best practices in the areas of management, organizational behavior, research and evaluation, and critical thinking and problem solving. In all BSB program coursework, the curriculum addresses critical business issues in the areas of diversity, globalization, ethics, technology, and e-business. The Integrated Supply Chain and Operations Management (ISCOM) major concentrates on strategic performance improvement of all business planning, global sourcing and procurement, production, and logistical activities that make up an organization's supply chain. The program highlights the important role a supply chain plays in satisfying customer demands and expectations. The program also emphasizes a company's need to develop and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage through the efficient and effective performance of all operations within its supply chain. In addition to courses in the BSB business entry sequence and courses specific to ISCOM, the degree major has coursework that stresses key business related knowledge and skill development in the areas of computers and information processing, business law, macro-economics, financial analysis, and marketing.

The Bachelor of Science in Business/Management (BSB/M) program concentrates on managing human and fiscal resources within the structure, culture, and missions of any organization. The Major stresses skill development in the areas of performance systems, employment law, public relations, financial analysis, global business strategies, and utilization of research findings.

Marketing managers need creative, analytical, and leadership abilities to manage the marketing function of the business enterprise. The Marketing Major addresses how to identify customer needs, how to communicate information about products and services to customers and potential customers, where to market and how to price products and services, and how to respond to growing demands in different countries and cultures. The marketing major includes a foundational marketing course upon which further study in the areas of buyer behavior, advertising, marketing research, and international marketing is based.

The Bachelor of Science in Business program is designed to prepare graduates with the requisite knowledge, skills, and values to effectively apply various business principles and tools in an organizational setting. The BSB entry sequence exposes students to valuable theoretical knowledge and best practices in the areas of management, organizational behavior, research and evaluation, and critical thinking and problem solving. In all BSB program coursework, the curriculum addresses critical business issues in the areas of diversity, globalization, ethics, technology, and e-business. Graduates of the Organizational Innovation specialization will be prepared to apply design principles, innovative practices, and creativity to develop business processes, strategies, services, and products. Additionally, students will be prepared to create strategic and tactical plans, apply basic project management principles to the creative process, and manage intangible assets. Finally, this program bridges the gap between traditional business thinking and an innovative and design focused philosophy.

Program description coming soon.

The Bachelor of Science in Business program is designed to prepare graduates with the requisite knowledge, skills, and values to effectively apply various business principles and tools in an organizational setting. The BSB entry sequence exposes students to valuable theoretical knowledge and best practices in the areas of management, organizational behavior, research and evaluation, e-business, and critical thinking and problem solving. In the BSB program coursework, the curriculum addresses critical business issues in the areas of diversity, globalization, ethics, technology, and e-business.

In addition to the BSB business entry coursework, the public administration major includes coursework in computers and information processing, management, financial analysis, accounting, business law, employment law, and marketing.

The Bachelor of Science in Business program is designed to prepare graduates with the requisite knowledge, skills, and values to effectively apply various business principles and tools in an organizational setting. The BSB entry sequence exposes students to valuable theoretical knowledge and best practices in the areas of management, organizational behavior, research and evaluation, e-business, and critical thinking and problem solving. In the BSB program coursework, the curriculum addresses critical business issues in the areas of diversity, globalization, ethics, technology, and e-business. In addition to the BSB business entry coursework, the retail management major includes coursework in computers and information processing, management, financial analysis, accounting, business law, marketing, buyer behavior, and international marketing. The retail management major focuses the student on the retail management environment. The program emphasizes skill development in strategic management, marketing, supply management, product and brand management, retail operations, merchandising, and personnel management unique to the retail industry. Upon completion of this program students will possess the knowledge and skills necessary to be leaders in the retail industry.

Program Description Coming Soon.

The Bachelor of Science in Communication (BS/COM) degree program is designed to develop knowledge and skills for effective communication in a variety of public and private work environments. The program was created specifically to build upon personal and professional communication experiences. The BS/COM degree enhances the communication skills necessary for the development of professional competence and values; critical thinking and problem solving; information utilization; and collaboration. The curriculum focuses on the development of core communication competencies. It emphasizes theory and application in the domains of interpersonal, small group, organizational, and mass communication. Specific areas of focus include business communication, diversity, intercultural communication, conflict resolution, legal and ethical issues, media and culture, and future trends in communication technology.

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon...

Program Description Coming Soon

The Bachelor of Science in Criminal Justice Administration provides students interested in policing, criminal law, or corrections with an interdisciplinary study of crime and justice in American society. The program prepares students for positions of responsibility and leadership within the criminal justice community and related professions. Students enrolled in the Criminal Justice Administration program will examine the criminal justice process and its key components while at the same time learn the skills needed for effective interpersonal communication, administrative decision-making and personnel management. Contemporary issues such as human relations and social conflict, professionalism and ethics, and the injection of technology into crime and its detection are also addressed.

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon

The Bachelor of Science in Education/Elementary Teacher Education (BSEd/E) is an undergraduate degree program preparing candidates for teacher licensure. The guiding philosophy of the BSEd/E program is to provide students with the skills and knowledge that will allow them to become competent and effective educators. This program focuses on elementary student learning by developing the skills of the educator responsible for that learning. Student teaching is an integral component of the Teacher Education Program. It provides students with a field-based experience at the appropriate grade and content level. Student teachers work with a cooperating teacher from a school site and with a University of Phoenix faculty advisor. The student teaching experience is designed to emphasize the achievement of state standards leading to certification and to present individuals with growth opportunities that best prepare them to assume the duties of a certified classroom teacher. Throughout the program, students are required to complete a minimum of 100 hours of verified field experiences, covering a variety of developmental levels. The focus of each observation will relate to specific course content. Documentation will be maintained in the student's professional portfolio. In addition to the required course of study, students must satisfy general education and elective requirements to meet the 120-credit minimum required for completion of the degree.

Coming Soon...

The BSHA Program is designed to integrate a foundation of general education and applied sciences with the expertise that prepares the graduate for professional careers in a variety of health care or related health settings. The BSHA curriculum addresses the basic body of knowledge, understanding, and skills identified as relevant to health care services such as management, finance and accounting, legal and ethical parameters, health and disease factors, and human and information resources. In addition, majors provide the student with initial educational preparation for careers in long term care and health information systems.

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon

The BSHA Program is designed to integrate a foundation of general education and applied sciences with the expertise that prepares the graduate for professional careers in a variety of health care or related health settings.The BSHA curriculum addresses the basic body of knowledge, understanding, and skills identified as relevant to health care services such as management, finance and accounting, legal and ethical parameters, health and disease factors, and human and information resources. In addition, the health information major provides the student with initial educational preparation to gain insight into the current and emerging world of health information systems. The reshaping of information and technology in health care requires workers to have a broad range of knowledge associated with the functions of an increasingly automated health care environment.

The BSHA Program is designed to integrate a foundation of general education and applied sciences with the expertise that prepares the graduate for professional careers in a variety of health care or related health settings.

The BSHA curriculum addresses the basic body of knowledge, understanding, and skills identified as relevant to health care services such as management, finance and accounting, legal and ethical parameters, health and disease factors, and human and information resources. In addition, the long term care major allows the student to gain initial educational preparation for the myriad of opportunities within this health care arena. The continuum of long term care has grown and expanded from the old traditional view to now encompass a wide range of comprehensive health, mental health and social services that spans a vast numbers of organizations. Long term care and the resources needed to provide services will offer many opportunities and challenges for health care in the coming decades.

The Bachelor of Science in Human Services/Management program prepares graduates by giving them knowledge and basic skills to work in the human services industry. The Bachelor of Science in Human Services/Management is an integrated program combining academic instruction in the foundations of human services, such as counseling, social work, and psychology, with the management skills of planning, organizing, leading, assessing, and evaluating. BSHS/M students prepare for careers in management in the growing field of human services.

Description coming soon.

Program Description Coming Soon.

The Bachelor of Science in Information Technology/Information System Security (BSIT/ISS) program provides the knowledge to successfully apply information technology theory and principles to address real world business opportunities and challenges. Under the guidance of practitioner faculty, the student uses innovative digital materials to develop competencies to apply: Systems Analysis and Design, Computer Programming, Database Development, Network Technologies, Information Systems Security, Web Technologies and Project Planning. This program's specialization, Information Systems Security, concentrates on the concepts and principles of securing and protecting the information assets of the organization.

The Bachelor of Science in Information Technology/Visual Communication (BSIT/VC) program has three major content areas: Business Communication Technology The BSIT focuses on the analysis, design and development of information technology within the context of business systems. This program's specialization, Visual Communication, concentrates on the design and development of digital media presentations. The BSIT/VC uses graphic design and technology tools to create visual communications that are relevant to organizations. As a result, the BSIT/VC graduate possesses a diverse portfolio including Web sites, rich media advertising, corporate reports, business presentations, instructional materials, animated movies and electronic publications that fulfill business and training needs. This portfolio positions the BSIT/VC graduate as someone, with a technology background, who is prepared to have an immediate positive impact in a business or training setting.

Program Description Coming Soon.

The Bachelor of Science in Information Technology/Software Engineering (BSIT/SE) program provides the knowledge to successfully apply information technology theory and principles to address real world business opportunities and challenges. Under the guidance of practitioner faculty, the student uses innovative digital materials to develop competencies to apply: Systems Analysis and Design, Computer Programming, Database Development, Network Technologies, Information Systems Security, Web Technologies and Project Planning. This program's specialization, Software Engineering, concentrates on principles of software application development. The curriculum is designed to produce graduates ready to function in information technology positions with the competencies, skills, and attitudes necessary for success in the workplace. It forms the basis for continued career growth, life-long learning as an IT professional, or a future graduate program.

Program Description Coming Soon.

The Bachelor of Science in Management (BSM) degree program is designed to develop the professional knowledge and skills of general managers in any organization. The program was created specifically to build upon the learning gained in an associate's degree. The BSM degree enhances skills necessary for improved organizational effectiveness in a dynamic and evolving workplace. The curriculum focuses on the development of general management roles. It emphasizes skills necessary to align resources, and to improve communication, productivity, and effectiveness. Through a participative, cooperative learning environment structured for adult learners, managers are taught to manage innovation and apply professional skills and knowledge focused toward the future, all within a customer focused atmosphere.

The Bachelor of Science in Organizational Security and Management degree is designed to address an increasing national and international need for greater technical competence and professionalism in the security industry. The distinctions between the roles of criminal justice agencies and private security organizations are recognized and the degree program provides the required knowledge for a student to develop competency and management skills in organizational security. While the program includes courses in Terrorism and Homeland Security, it also recognizes the depth and breadth of the discipline and provides a variety of courses designed to expose students to the entire spectrum of the security profession.

The Bachelor of Psychology program focuses on the study of individuals, including their behaviors, thought processes, and emotions. It seeks to provide students with an understanding of the cognitive and affective processes that underlie the individual human experience and behavior; research methodologies by which this knowledge is acquired; critical thinking and problem solving necessary to evaluate behavior; and the application of theoretical principles to inter- and intra-personal issues.

The Doctor of Business Administration (DBA) degree program offered by the University of Phoenix provides learners with a professional master’s degree a means of exploring their personal readiness to become leaders in management professions. Learners gain a mastery of business administration literature and demonstrate their competence by applying this knowledge to current business environments. As the global information economy evolves, organizations are becoming increasingly complex, and innovative organizational models and practices have become crucial to successfully addressing this complexity. Consequently, leadership in this environment requires higher, more sophisticated levels of knowledge and skills. The DBA program is designed to serve this need by providing doctoral-level education to professional practitioners in business and management.

The Educational Technology specialization of the Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership program will prepare learners to become education leaders who strategically manage and lead processes related to the integration of technology in various learning environments. Graduates will demonstrate both practical and scholarly knowledge in their use of analytical, critical, and innovative thinking to improve the performance of educational institutions by utilizing technological innovations to support and enhance the educational process.

The Curriculum and Instruction specialization of the Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership program will prepare learners to become instructional leaders who will strategically manage and lead processes related to curriculum, instruction, and assessment. Graduates will demonstrate both practical and scholarly knowledge in their use of analytical, critical, and innovative thinking to improve the performance of educational institutions.

Historically, education has been a field of constant evolution and debate, with the pull of philosophical, cultural, and political influences felt throughout the industry. As such, contemporary educators face challenges unlike those faced by their predecessors: Educational leaders must design and facilitate learning in culturally diverse classrooms; manage the needs of multiple stakeholders; develop their classrooms, schools, and systems effectively and efficiently in the face of severe funding pressures; address the demands of regulatory bodies; and meet the outcomes established by the greater educational community.

As the education system undergoes these radical changes, there has been a drastic increase in the need for leaders who are capable of designing innovative curricular models in their institutions and of consistently improving their students' outcomes. The Curriculum and Instruction specialization of the Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership program is offered by University of Phoenix to enable leaders to affect these high levels of performance through applied scholarship, rigorous analysis, and comprehensive evaluation methodology.

The Curriculum and Instruction specialization is consistent with the University's mission to educate working adults to achieve their professional goals and to improve the quality of education in their communities. The program is designed to emphasize curricular leadership and to focus on applied research that improves instruction and educational outcomes.

The Doctor of Education in Educational Leadership (Ed.D.) program will prepare learners to become transformational leaders who will strategically manage and lead complex educational organizations. Graduates will be educational practitioners who demonstrate analytical, critical, and innovative thinking to improve the performance of educational institutions. The program is designed to emphasize leadership and to focus on applied research that improves educational environments.

The Doctor of Health Administration (DHA) program prepares leaders to respond effectively to the dynamic and ever-changing health care industry. These individuals will have a capacity to critically examine and evaluate issues and trends and feel empowered to influence the destiny of the health care system.

The Doctor of Management in Organizational Leadership degree program offered by University of Phoenix provides learners who hold a professional master's degree a means of exploring their personal readiness to become leaders in their professions or current organizations. Learners gain a mastery of leadership literature and demonstrate their competence by applying what they learn to current organizational environments.

The mission of the Doctor of Management in Information Systems and Technology (DM/IST) is to enable professionals from any industry to understand and evaluate the scope and impact of information systems and technology (IST) from organizational, industry-wide, and global perspectives. The DM/IST curriculum lays a foundation of knowledge in critical thinking, leadership, and the application of IST content areas. Learners integrate this knowledge with their professional experiences and doctoral-level research to create innovative, positive, and practical contributions to the body of IST knowledge. Graduates will be able to influence their organization and environment positively with transformational IST leadership practices.

Program Description Coming Soon.

Program Description Coming Soon.

Program Description Coming Soon..

Program Description Coming Soon..

The Master of Arts in Education degree program with a specialization in Administration and Supervision is designed for educators interested in gaining knowledge and expertise in the area of school administration. The program curriculum is focused on education finance, school law, the role of the principal, curriculum design, and supervision of personnel. This program also includes an internship experience in school administration at the principal level.

The Master of Arts/Adult Education and Training Program (MAED/AET) is a 35-credit program of study designed for individuals who wish to develop the skills to work with adult learners in areas such as corporate training, community college instruction, non-profit and community based organizations, human services agencies, or professional development. The program encompasses knowledge of andragogical theory, the needs of diverse learners, critical issues and trends in adult education, instructional design and strategies, the use of technologies, and assessment. It also provides courses that address coaching and mentoring, e-learning, and e-learning web design technologies.

The Curriculum and Instruction Program is a graduate degree for bachelor prepared individuals who wish to develop and enhance their curriculum and instruction repertoire. The program encompasses the study of curricular planning and development with an integration of technology, assessment and evaluation practices, strategies for effective classroom instruction for a variety of learners and critical issues within the field of education. The computer education specialization focuses on using computers and how computers fit in education.

The Curriculum and Instruction Program is a graduate degree for bachelor prepared individuals who wish to develop and enhance their curriculum and instruction repertoire. The program encompasses the study of curricular planning and development with an integration of technology, assessment and evaluation practices, strategies for effective classroom instruction for a variety of learners and critical issues within the field of education.

The Curriculum and Instruction Program is a graduate degree for bachelor prepared individuals who wish to develop and enhance their curriculum and instruction. The program encompasses the study of curricular planning and development with an integration of technology, assessment and evaluation practices, strategies for effective classroom instruction for a variety of learners and critical issues within the field of education. The English/language arts specialization focuses on the effective curricular, teaching, and assessment practices of the field, the process of language development, reading and phonological theories, and structured English immersion strategies.

The Curriculum and Instruction Program is a graduate degree for bachelor prepared individuals who wish to develop and enhance their curriculum and instruction repertoire. The program encompasses the study of curricular planning and development with an integration of technology, assessment and evaluation practices, strategies for effective classroom instruction for a variety of learners and critical issues within the field of education. The English as a second language (ESL) specialization focuses on instructional methods and materials for teaching English as a second language; theories for the acquisition of a second language; testing and evaluation of students studying English as a second language; and developing curriculum for English as a second language students.

The Curriculum and Instruction Program is a graduate degree for bachelor prepared individuals who wish to develop and enhance their curriculum and instruction. The program encompasses the study of curricular planning and development with an integration of technology, assessment and evaluation practices, strategies for effective classroom instruction for a variety of learners and critical issues within the field of education. The mathematics specialization focuses on the effective curricular, teaching, and assessment practices in the content areas of algebra, geometry, and statistics.

The College of Education is within the Artemis School and offers graduate level degree and non-degree courses for educators. The Master of Arts in Education is the graduate degree program offered through the College of Education. Graduate non-degree programming includes several state specific certificates/endorsements. Each student/applicant is responsible for checking with his/her state Department of Education and/or school district to determine specific credentialing requirements.

The College of Education works closely with other departments responsible for providing and administering academic programming at the University and with each campus to ensure the quality delivery of all courses and programs.

The Master of Arts in Education degree program is designed to meet the specific needs of educators through specialization in several areas - Administration and Supervision, Adult Education and Distance Learning, Curriculum and Instruction, Curriculum and Technology, Early Childhood Education, Educational Counseling, Special Education, and Elementary and Secondary Teacher Education. Each area of specialization offers courses developed to enhance and refine the skills of the individual whether an administrator, educational counselor, classroom teacher, or corporate trainer.

The Master of Arts in Education with a specialization in Early Childhood Education is a graduate degree for educators seeking knowledge and expertise in the field of early childhood development and teaching. The curriculum includes instructional strategies, teaching methodologies, assessment techniques, theories of early childhood growth and development, and the impact of family and cultural diversity on early childhood.

The Master of Arts in Education degree program involves a variety of learning formats, depending upon the subject matter and competencies to be developed. These formats include lecture, group work, and self-directed learning. Additional time is required outside of the formal class sessions for homework, learning team meetings, and project activities.

The Master of Arts in Education/Elementary Teacher Education (MAED/TED-E) program is a degree program leading to teacher licensure. The guiding philosophy of the MAED/TED-E program is to provide the adult student, who already has a degree in a discipline other than education, with the skills and knowledge that will allow them to become a competent and effective educator. This program focuses on elementary student learning by improving the educator's responsibility for that learning.

Student teaching is an integral component of the Teacher Education Program. It provides students with a field-based experience at the appropriate grade and content level. Student teachers work with a cooperating teacher from a school site and with a University of Phoenix faculty advisor. The student teaching experience is designed to emphasize the achievement of state standards leading to certification and to present individuals with growth opportunities that best prepare them to assume the duties of a certified classroom teacher.

The Master of Arts in Education/Secondary Teacher Education (MAED/TED-S) program is a degree program leading to teacher licensure. The guiding philosophy of the MAED/TED-S program is to provide the adult student, who already has a degree in a discipline other than education, with the skills and knowledge that will allow them to become a competent and effective educator. This program focuses on secondary student learning by improving the educator's responsibility for that learning.

Student teaching is an integral component of the Teacher Education Program. It provides students with a field-based experience at the appropriate grade and content level. Student teachers work with a cooperating teacher from a school site and with a University of Phoenix faculty advisor. The student teaching experience is designed to emphasize the achievement of state standards leading to certification and to present individuals with growth opportunities that best prepare them to assume the duties of a certified classroom teacher.

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon

Program Description Coming Soon.

The Master of Arts in Education degree program with a specialization in Special Education prepares candidates to be cross categorical special educators. The program curriculum includes a survey of exceptional students, foundations and methodologies of mild disabilities, diagnosis and assessment of disabilities, management of student behavior, instruction in the content areas, and collaboration and resource management for the special educator. A supervised student teaching experience in special education is incorporated into the degree.

The Master of Health Administration (MHA) program prepares leaders who can effectively respond to the dynamic and ever-changing health care industry. These individuals have a capacity to critically examine and evaluate issues and trends and are empowered to influence the destiny of the global health care system. Curriculum is tailored to the needs of the health care leader/manager by providing content in finance, policy, research, technology, quality improvement, economics, marketing and strategic planning. In addition, students will also be asked to complete course work related to their area of concentration such as public health, long-term care, and health informatics.

Graduates of the MHA program will have enhanced their management/administrative background and specialty area through the completion of a curriculum that provides students with the latest theories and contemporary practice applications. Graduates are able to define their role within the health care system and understand how to make necessary changes to create a work environment, which is team oriented and motivating to others.

This program specialization is designed to provide health care professionals with diverse interdisciplinary backgrounds with the knowledge and process of aging. Content is designed to provide students with relevant information related to the physical, mental, and social aspects of gerontology as well as human services, economic and legal factors that influence elders.

This program specialization is designed for health care and nursing professionals interested in pursuing careers in educational or service settings. Current educators can update or expand their knowledge in curriculum development, assessment and evaluation, and revitalize their teaching and learning strategies. Combining your current professional expertise with the knowledge of teaching and learning strategies, assessment and evaluation and curriculum, and program design will expand and enhance your role as a health care educator. Content can be applied to patient teaching, continuing education or in-service education, community health education, as well as to the role and delivery of academic education.

This program specialization is designed for health care and nursing professionals interested in pursuing or advancing in careers associated with health care informatics and technology. Individuals with no background in informatics receive an overview of informatics as it relates to delivery within a health care facility. The program is designed to provide the learner with current knowledge in concepts of health care informatics, systems life cycle, and data management.

The Master of Management program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within an organization. Students learn to synthesize business concepts and practices presented in this program to develop solutions for specific managerial situations found within the organizational environment. Areas of focus include development of human capital, implementation of organizational initiatives, managing conflict, fostering creativity, innovation through organizational design, and managing in a cross-cultural environment.

The Master of Management program at University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem-solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information-utilization, and critical-thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem-solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical-thinking skills during their presentations. Learning teams will apply the principles of benchmarking throughout the program to research the most creative solutions to a problem. This will enrich the alternatives that learners consider in evaluating possible solutions to the problems.

Throughout the program, students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action.

The Master of Management/Human Resources Management program (MM/HRM) is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within an organization. Students focus on leadership, management-or the human side of an organization. This program places emphasis on emerging management theory, techniques, and practices.

The College of Graduate Business has created interactive, multimedia, case-based simulations that place students in real-world environments and require them to apply critical thinking skills to decision-making situations. Each simulation offers learners the opportunity to identify the information required to solve the problem, assess alternative solutions, and receive feedback on their choices.

The MM/HRM program develops management skills in defining business problems, assessing information, considering alternatives, and choosing the best solutions. Graduates attain the skill sets necessary to evaluate and manage the challenges facing contemporary organizations.

The Master of Management/Public Administration program (MM/PA) is designed to enhance the management skills needed to function effectively within an organization. Students focus on leadership and management-the human side of an organization. This program emphasizes emerging management theory, techniques, and practices.

The College of Graduate Business has created interactive, multimedia, case-based simulations that place students in real-world environments and require them to apply critical thinking skills to decision-making situations. Each simulation offers learners the opportunity to identify the information required to solve the problem, assess alternative solutions, and receive feedback on their choices.

The MM/PA program develops management skills in defining business problems, assessing information, considering alternatives, and choosing the best solutions. Graduates attain the skill sets necessary to evaluate and manage the challenges facing contemporary organizations.

Program Description Coming Soon

The Master of Business Administration program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within an organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action.

The Master of Business Administration program at University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation.

The Master of Business Administration with a concentration in Accounting (MBA/ACC) is designed to develop or enhance the financial management skills necessary to function effectively within private businesses, non-profit organizations, and public agencies. The program concentrates on managing human and fiscal resources within the structure, culture, and mission of any organization. The curriculum addresses advanced costing techniques, accounting theory, accounting information systems, issues in corporate taxation, executive management, budgeting, human resources management, organizational development, conflict management, strategic planning, information management, and decision making, among other subjects.

Globalization has increased the need for individuals with specialized knowledge and skills necessary to manage multicultural and multinational workforces effectively in a rapidly-changing environment. The MBA / Global Management program has been developed to provide those individuals the opportunity to study in a program specifically designed for their needs as current or future managers.

The Master of Business Administration/Health Care Management program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within a health care organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action.

The Master of Business Administration program at the University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation.

The MBA/HCM specialization is designed to provide students with the business management skills needed to manage successfully in today's health care delivery systems. The MBA/HCM program emphasizes the identification, analysis, and solution of complex management problems. Also addressed are health care concepts and decision models used by managers in today's health care environment. The MBA/HCM specialization is based upon courses in health care organizations, health care infrastructure, and current issues in health law and ethics.

The Master of Business Administration/Human Resources Management program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within an organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action.

The Master of Business Administration program at University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation.

In the MBA/HRM specialization, students will create complex business problem solving scenarios drawing upon skills and competencies mastered during the program. Students will gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined business problem to exploit management-based opportunities for an organization of their choice. They will apply business tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions, and will receive feedback on the choices they make. They will defend their solutions and recommend a course of action and performance-based evaluation metrics for the business problem.

The Master of Business Administration/Marketing program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within a marketing organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action.

The Master of Business Administration program at the University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation.

In the MBA/MKT specialization, students will create complex business problem solving scenarios drawing upon skills and competencies mastered during the program. Students will gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined business problem to exploit marketing-based opportunities for an organization of their choice. They will apply business tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions, and will receive feedback on the choices they make. They will defend their solutions and recommend a course of action and performance-based evaluation metrics for the business problem.

The Master of Business Administration/Technology Management program is designed to enhance the management skills students need to function effectively within a technology organization. Students will create and defend their solutions to technology-based problems of crisis management, profitable growth opportunities, and change leadership. Throughout the program, students gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined problem; applying tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions; and selecting and defending their recommended course of action.

The Master of Business Administration program at University of Phoenix utilizes problem-based learning where students refine their problem solving skills along with their communication, creativity, information utilization, and critical thinking skills. They are assessed on the basis of their use of the problem solving process (which employs a general rubric) as well as their communication and critical thinking skills during their presentation.

In the MBA/TM specialization, students will create complex business problem solving scenarios drawing upon skills and competencies mastered during the program. Students will gain experience in distilling a situation into a well-defined business problem to exploit technology-based opportunities for an organization of their choice. They will apply business tools and concepts to analyze a variety of alternative solutions, and will receive feedback on the choices they make. They will defend their solutions and recommend a course of action and performance-based evaluation metrics for the business problem.

Learning teams will apply the principles of benchmarking throughout the program to research the most creative solutions to a technology problem. This will enrich the alternatives that learners consider in evaluating possible solutions to the problems.

The Master of Psychology program focuses on the general rather than clinical psychological study of individuals, including their behaviors, thought processes and emotions. The program will provide supervisors in a variety of disciplines with an understanding of the cognitive and affective processes that underlie the individual human experience and behavior; research methodologies by which this knowledge is acquired; critical thinking and problem solving necessary to evaluate behavior; and the application of theoretical principles to inter- and intra-personal issues. The courses in this program do not have a clinical emphasis and do not lead to professional licensure.

The Master of Science/Administration of Justice and Security degree provides the required knowledge for the student to develop competence in administering criminal justice or security programs. While distinctions between the roles of justice and security organizations are understood, the degree emphasizes an understanding of administrative responsibilities common to both disciplines. The value of cooperative interaction is also addressed. The degree provides the student with administrative program development and problem solving skills in preparation for promotional or transitional opportunities in the management of police, corrections, security or court operations.

The Master of Science in Information Systems (MIS) program is focused on the acquisition of information technology theory and the application of theory and practice to real world business opportunities and challenges. The courses provide current theory and knowledge of essential information technology components, as well as interpersonal and intra-organizational communication. While courses examine a broad range of information technology resources, the courses emphasize the management of such resources in order to meet an organization's challenges and goals. The program has six main threads: Business Management, Business Systems Analysis and Development, Programming Management, Databases, Networks and Telecommunications, The Web, and Admission to the MIS program requires a Business Degree. The mission of the MIS is to graduate the professional adult learner with the following competencies: An ability to successfully perform and obtain desired outcomes in a variety of information system and technology environments in a business; An ability to provide leadership and management to develop, support, and execute the strategic use of information systems and technology to meet the mission, goals, and objectives of a business; An ability to apply sound business principles to maximize the effectiveness of information systems and technology physical, financial, and human resources in support of the day-to-day operations of a business. Graduates of the MIS program will be able to demonstrate competency in the following areas: Effective communication; Management of hardware, software, human, and financial resources associated with information technology of an organization; Application of the principles of the system development life cycle; Comprehension of the interrelation of business and information technology, Awareness of the environmental factors, functional relationships, and business issues that affect information technology decisions within an organization, Comprehension of the dynamic nature of technology and the requisite need to maintain currency of knowledge; and Application of information technology to solve business problems.

The Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) program, accredited by the Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), enhances the knowledge and skills of registered nurses with baccalaureate-degree preparation. The program prepares advanced practice nurses to function in leadership roles in practice and educational settings. Advanced nursing theory and research provide the foundation for nurses to influence the future of nursing and health care. Students complete core courses in advanced nursing content and process, as well as on leadership skills. Specializations assist students to concentrate on developing increased knowledge and/or skills in a specific area of content or advanced practice role. Thirty-nine credits are required for completion of the degree.

This online program focuses on developing leaders and educators to fill critical roles in nursing. Based on educational and professional guidelines from the American Association of Colleges of Nursing and the American Nurses Association, this program uses nationally known experts to help you acquire the knowledge to educate nursing students, staff and patients-and prepare for current and future career opportunities. The program is available to RNs with a BSN, ADN, or Diploma.

• Specializations include:Education
• Leadership and Management

The Master of Health Administration program is designed to provide the skills and knowledge needed to effectively respond in today's health care industry. The Health Care Education concentration is designed to enable current or potential educators to update or expand their knowledge in curriculum development, assessment, and evaluation, and revitalize their teaching and learning strategies.

The MSN/MHA program is designed to provide nurses with a unique blend of advanced nursing and healthcare related business skills to manage in today's evolving health care delivery systems. The program combines essential elements from both degree programs to provide students with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively examine and evaluate issues and trends impacting health care. Additionally, this program is accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education.*

The MSN/MBA/HCM program is designed to provide nurses with a unique blend of advanced nursing and business management skills needed to manage today's innovative health care delivery systems. The program combines essentials from both degree programs to provide students with the knowledge and skills necessary to enhance and support patient services. The MBA/HCM program emphasizes the identification, analysis, and solution of complex management problems that require technical understanding and balanced decision making. Although a functional knowledge of accounting, finance, and management underlies the program, equal attention is given to the development of report writing, oral reporting, and group process skills.

The Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) Fast Track Program Option provides nurse practitioners (NP) with a baccalaureate degree an opportunity to enhance their educational qualifications and complete their graduate degree in nursing without leaving their current employment or home community. Because of the past diversity of nurse practitioner educational tracks many NP's obtained their licensure through certificate programming that did not provide a graduate degree component. In recognition of the nurse practitioner's prior educational learning the College has developed an accelerated graduate degree completion option for this target audience. Student's complete core courses in advanced nursing content and process, finance, change management as well as content in evidence based nursing research. Twenty- five graduate credits are required for completion of the degree.

The Master of Psychology program focuses on the general rather than clinical psychological study of individuals, including their behaviors, thought processes, and emotions. The program will provide supervisors and managers in business, marketing, human resources, government services or education with an understanding of the cognitive and affective processes that underlie the individual human experience and behavior; research methodologies by which this knowledge is acquired; critical thinking and problem solving necessary to evaluate behavior; and the application of theoretical principles to inter- and intra-personal issues.

The Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN), accredited by the Commission of Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE), is a program designed to develop the professional knowledge and skills of working registered nurses. The curriculum is built upon a foundation of biological, physical, and social sciences, which contribute to the science of nursing. The liberal arts components enhance the development of the intellectual, social, and cultural aspects of the professional nurse. This

instructional program includes behavioral objectives that concentrate on the development of the nurse's role as caregiver, teacher, and manager of care. Utilizing a self-care framework, working registered nurses are prepared as generalists who are able to apply progressional skills and knowledge to nursing, client, and health care systems.

One hallmark of the BSN program is that there is no testing of prior nursing knowledge if the RN is in good standing within the state practice. The Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree program has a 39-credit required course of study - 36 credits in the nursing major and 3 credits in the integrating course. These courses fulfill only part of the 120-minimum-credit requirement for degree completion. skills and knowledge to nursing, clients, and health care systems.

Courses and degree programs at University of Phoenix Online are available entirely online. The University of Phoenix Online is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and a member of the North Central Association.